Data Society
New Kangbuk Samsung Health Research try an effective cohort examination of Korean people, old ?18 decades, which underwent an extensive yearly or biennial health test during the Kangbuk Samsung Hospital Full Health care Facilities during the Seoul and you may Suwon, Southern Korea. 12 Extremely examinees (>80%) is personnel of various organizations and you will regional political communities and their spouses. Within the Southern area Korea, the fresh new Commercial Safe practices Laws demands annual otherwise biennial fitness screening inspections of all of the staff, complimentary.
Our very own studies are restricted to Kangbuk Samsung Wellness Analysis participants who underwent a thorough wellness examination out-of , and you can offered informed concur getting linkage to the Health insurance Review and you will Research Services databases (n=263 532; Contour step one). When you look at the Korea, healthcare is actually planned lower than a mandatory single?payer across the country insurance rates program (National Medical insurance) one to gathers all details about scientific functions use since the whole Korean society under a comprehensive database operate by the Medical health insurance Opinion and you may Research Provider. 13
We excluded participants with missing data on BP or history of hypertension (n=1018), with history of malignancy (n=6255), with history of CVD (n=3440), or with a diagnosis of CVD (n=10 471) at baseline. Because some participants met >1 exclusion criterion, the final sample size included in the analysis was 244 837 participants (mean [SD] age, 39.0 [8.9] years; interquartile range, 32.2–43.7 years; and young adults aged <40 years of 60.7 %).
Written informed concur are obtained from all of the professionals. The analysis try authorized by the Organization Remark Panel of Kangbuk Samsung Healthcare.
Measurements
Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, medical history, and family history of CVD were collected by standardized, self?administered questionnaires. 14 Smoking status was categorized as never, former, and current smoker. Alcohol intake was categorized as <20 and ?20 g/d, as applied in previous studies. 12 , 15 Education level was categorized as less than college and college education or more. Physical activity was assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. 16 Participants were classified as inactive, minimally active, and health?enhancing physically active. Health?enhancing physically active was defined as physical activity that meets either of 2 criteria: (1) vigorous?intensity activity on ?3 days per week, accumulating ?1500 metabolic equivalent min/wk; or (2) 7 days of any combination of walking, moderate?intensity activities, or vigorous?intensity activities achieving at least 3000 metabolic equivalent min/wk. 16 Usual dietary intake was assessed using a 103?item, self?administered food frequency questionnaire designed and validated for use in Korea. 17 Daily intake of sodium was calculated by multiplying the frequency of consumption of each food by the portion size and sodium content of each food and summing across all relevant food items. 18 , 19
Height and weight were measured by trained nurses. Body mass index was calculated as weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters squared). BP was measured using an automated oscillometric device (53000; Welch Allyn, New York, NY) by trained nurses while participants were in a sitting position, with the arm supported at the heart level after a 5?minute rest. We recoded 3 consecutive BP readings and used the average of the second http://datingranking.net/tr/skout-inceleme and third readings in the analysis. BP levels were categorized according to the 2017 ACC/AHA hypertension guideline. 11 Participants without a history of hypertension were categorized as normal BP (< mm Hg), elevated BP (120–129/<80 mm Hg), stage 1 hypertension (130––89 mm Hg), and stage 2 hypertension (? mm Hg). Participants with a history of hypertension were categorized as treated and strictly controlled hypertension (< mm Hg on antihypertensive medication use), treated and controlled hypertension (130––89 mm Hg on antihypertensive medication use), treated but uncontrolled hypertension (? mm Hg on antihypertensive medication use), and untreated hypertension (not using antihypertensive medications).
